{"id":285449,"date":"2026-09-17T12:05:13","date_gmt":"2026-09-17T09:05:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/maritimes.gr\/?p=285449"},"modified":"2026-09-17T12:05:13","modified_gmt":"2026-09-17T09:05:13","slug":"the-new-eu-directives-on-environmental-protection-through-criminal-and-administrative-law-concerning-ship-source-pollution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/maritimes.gr\/en\/the-new-eu-directives-on-environmental-protection-through-criminal-and-administrative-law-concerning-ship-source-pollution\/","title":{"rendered":"The new EU Directives on Environmental Protection through Criminal and Administrative Law concerning ship-source pollution."},"content":{"rendered":"

By Marina Aliferopoulou*<\/p>\n

I.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Introduction.<\/p>\n

The strengthening of the European legislation and policy for the protection of the marine environment through criminal and administrative law constitutes one of the most significant developments of the recent years. The two new Directives, Directive (EU) 2024\/1203 and Directive (EU) 2024\/3101, introduce stricter obligations and enhanced sanctions for violations related to pollution and environmental degradation.<\/p>\n

II. New EU Directives<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

1. Directive (EU) 2024\/1203 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 April 2024: The New Criminal Protection of the Environment.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Purpose:<\/p>\n

Directive (EU) 2024\/1203 replaces Directives 2008\/99\/EC and 2009\/123\/EC and establishes criminal offences, sanctioning rules, and measures for the prevention and combating of the environmental crime, as well as for the effective enforcement of the Union\u2019s environmental law.<\/p>\n

Criminal Offences:<\/p>\n

Member States are required to ensure that the following conduct constitutes a criminal offence under their national legislation when committed intentionally, including:<\/p>\n

The discharge, emission, or introduction of quantities of materials or ionising radioactive substances into the air, soil, or water that cause or are likely to cause death, serious bodily injury, or substantial damage to air, soil, or water quality, or to an ecosystem.
\nThe collection, transport, or management of waste, particularly hazardous waste within the meaning of Article 3(2) of Directive 2008\/98\/EC, or other categories of waste, where such conduct results in the aforementioned consequences.
\nThe discharge of polluting substances from ships falling within the scope of Directive 2005\/35\/EC, where such discharge produces the same harmful effects.
\nThe recycling of ships falling within the scope of Regulation (EU) No 1257\/2013 where the relevant requirements are not complied with.
\nThe production, placing on the market, import, export, use, or release of substances that deplete the ozone layer.
\nQualified Criminal Offences:<\/p>\n

Member States must also ensure that the above conduct constitutes qualified criminal offences where it causes:<\/p>\n

The destruction of, or widespread, irreversible, or long-lasting damage to, an ecosystem of considerable size or to a habitat within a protected area; or
\nWidespread and substantial damage, which is either irreversible or long-lasting, to the quality of air, soil, or water.
\nFurthermore, Member States may establish additional criminal offences aimed at protecting the environment.<\/p>\n

Liability and Penalties for Natural Persons:<\/p>\n

Member States are required to provide for custodial penalties of at least 10, 8, or 5 years of imprisonment, depending on the seriousness of the offence.<\/p>\n

Additional sanctions may include:<\/p>\n

Environmental restoration measures;
\nCompensation payments;
\nFinancial penalties;
\nExclusion from public funding;
\nTemporary disqualification from standing for or holding public office.
\nLiability and Penalties for legal entities:<\/p>\n

Similar sanctions and measures must be available against companies and their legal representatives, including:<\/p>\n

Temporary or permanent bans on business activities;
\nWithdrawal of permits and authorizations;
\nPlacement under judicial supervision;
\nDissolution or liquidation;
\nClosure of facilities used in the commission of the offence;
\nSignificant financial penalties linked to turnover.
\nAggravating and Mitigating Circumstances:<\/p>\n

Aggravating circumstances include:<\/p>\n

Irreversible damage to an ecosystem;
\nCommission of the offence within the framework of a criminal organisation;
\nUse of forged documents;
\nDestruction of evidence;
\nCommission of the offence in specially protected areas.
\nMitigating circumstances include:<\/p>\n

Restoration of the environment to its previous condition; and
\nProvision by the offender of information to administrative or judicial authorities that could not otherwise have been obtained.<\/p>\n

2. Directive (EU) 2024\/3101 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 November 2024: Administrative Sanctions for Ship-Source Pollution.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Purpose:<\/p>\n

Directive (EU) 2024\/3101 amends Directive 2005\/35\/EC and incorporates international standards on ship-source pollution into EU law. Its objective is to ensure that any company or other legal or natural person responsible for unlawful discharges of polluting substances is subject to administrative penalties and fines, thereby improving maritime safety and enhancing the protection of the marine environment from pollution caused by ships.<\/p>\n

Administrative Sanctions:<\/p>\n

For the effective enforcement of sanctions, the following factors are taken into account:<\/p>\n

The severity of the discharge;
\nThe degree of fault or negligence of the responsible party;
\nThe environmental damage caused;
\nThe economic benefits gained by the company as a result of the discharge;
\nEfforts by the company or other responsible parties to mitigate the damage;
\nThe level of cooperation with the authorities;
\nAny previous pollution-related offences.
\nExchange of Information:<\/p>\n

To achieve the objectives of the Directive, Member States cooperate with the European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) and exchange information through the CleanSeaNet European satellite-based pollution monitoring service and the THETIS-EU information system.<\/p>\n

Reporting Requirements:<\/p>\n

For each pollution incident that is verified and confirmed by a Member State, the information included in the Union-wide overview published by the European Commission shall contain:<\/p>\n

The date of the incident;
\nIdentification details of the vessel involved;
\nThe location and extent of the pollution;
\nThe type of pollutant;
\nVerification details; and
\nThe administrative sanction imposed.<\/p>\n

III.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Implementation of the Directives.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Greece is required to implement these Directives into its national legal framework by 2026-2027. The new legislation is expected to bring significant changes to the criminal protection of the environment, including stricter sanctions for environmental crimes, expanded liability for shipowners and ship managers, and strengthened powers of port and maritime authorities regarding the monitoring and enforcement of pollution-related incidents.<\/p>\n

IV.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Conclusion.<\/strong><\/p>\n

The new Directives introduce a stringent framework for environmental violations through a combination of criminal and administrative measures, enhanced technological monitoring tools, and transparent enforcement procedures. Nevertheless, their effectiveness will ultimately depend on how the rules are interpreted by national courts and enforced by the competent administrative authorities.<\/p>\n

*Marina Aliferopoulou<\/em><\/p>\n

Shipping Lawyer & Mediator<\/em><\/p>\n

www.aliferopoulou-law.gr<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By Marina Aliferopoulou* I.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Introduction. The strengthening of the European legislation and policy for the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":285450,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[273,298],"tags":[307],"class_list":["post-285449","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-maritimes-news","category-seagoing-maritimes-news","tag-featured-en"],"yoast_head":"\nThe new EU Directives on Environmental Protection through Criminal and Administrative Law concerning ship-source pollution. - Maritimes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The strengthening of the European legislation and policy for the protection of the marine environment through criminal and administrative la\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/maritimes.gr\/en\/the-new-eu-directives-on-environmental-protection-through-criminal-and-administrative-law-concerning-ship-source-pollution\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The new EU Directives on Environmental Protection through Criminal and Administrative Law concerning ship-source pollution. - 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